The Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis

Posted on Feb 15, 2024 by Danny

Potato and Carrot Slices Osmosis Lab Report

Are you looking for the best potato osmosis lab report help? You have come to the right place. Below is a full guide on how you can write your potato or carrot osmosis lab report.

Introduction

The experiment aimed to explore the effect of sucrose solution concentration on the rate of osmosis in potato and carrot slices. The experiment used 5 different potato slices and 5 different carrot slices placed in a 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrated sucrose solution. Each slice was named Red, Green, Blue, White and Yellow. The independent variable was the concentration of sucrose solution and the dependent variable was the change in mass.

Theory

Osmosis is the movement of water particles from a low sugar concentration to a high sugar concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Apart from sucrose solution concentration, other factors, such as temperature and the size of the particles affect the rate of osmosis. As the concentration of the sucrose solution is increased, the difference in mass of the potato/carrot increases. This is because the sucrose solution is a hypertonic solution indicating a high concentration of dissolved particles compared hypotonic solution with fewer dissolved particles. Besides, when a potato/carrot slice is placed in a solution with the same water potential, this is regarded as an isotonic solution. When a potato/carrot slice is placed in a concentrated sucrose solution that has a higher water potential, then, the water particles move from the potato/carrot slice to the solution. This results in a decrease in the final mass of the potato/carrot slice.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis of this experiment is that (a) the mass of the potato/carrot slice will decrease when placed in sucrose solution with a higher water potential (hypertonic solution), (b) the mass of the potato/carrot slice will not change when placed in an isotonic solution and (c) the mass of the potato/carrot slice will increase when placed in a sucrose solution with lesser water potential (hypotonic solution).

Data Collection

Table 1: The Rate of Osmosis in a Potato Slice when placed in different concentrations of sucrose solution.

Sucrose concentration		Potato Initial Mass (g)					Potato Final Mass (g)
Sucrose concentration		Red	Green	Blue	White	Yellow	Red	Green	Blue	White	Yellow
0%	Exp 1	3.32	3.11	2.95	2.96	2.97	3.81	3.65	3.41	3.17	3.38
0%	Exp 2	2.87	3.06	3.03	2.88	3.03	3.34	3.52	3.50	3.30	3.55
25%	Exp 3	3.18	2.96	3.10	3.21	3.24	3.16	2.90	3.05	3.16	3.15
25%	Exp 4	3.30	3.11	3.07	3.20	3.57	3.23	2.99	3.03	3.12	3.52
50%	Exp 5	2.91	2.89	3.22	2.79	3.09	2.36	2.38	2.49	2.17	2.49
50%	Exp 6	3.10	3.41	2.83	2.91	2.84	2.41	2.60	2.12	2.21	2.24
75%	Exp 7	3.30	3.00	3.18	3.39	3.25	2.32	1.97	2.10	2.29	2.17
75%	Exp 8	2.54	3.45	3.00	2.69	3.53	1.75	2.17	1.95	1.8	2.44
100%	Exp 9	2.70	2.89	2.49	2.60	2.66	1.81	1.90	1.56	1.51	1.63
100%	Exp 10	2.82	3.33	3.09	3.47	2.80	1.80	2.30	2.02	2.08	2.01

Table 2: The Rate of Osmosis in a Carrot Slice when placed in different concentrations of sucrose solution.

Sucrose concentration		Carrot Initial Mass (g)					Carrot Final Mass (g)
Sucrose concentration		Red	Green	Blue	White	Yellow	Red	Green	Blue	White	Yellow
0%	Exp 11	2.51	3.00	2.63	2.88	3.10	2.95	3.36	2.93	3.15	3.43
0%	Exp 12	1.99	2.60	2.66	3.03	2.91	2.26	2.91	3.07	3.41	3.23
25%	Exp 13	3.54	3.71	3.54	3.28	3.37	3.37	3.79	3.65	3.32	3.40
25%	Exp 14	3.30	3.42	2.86	3.22	2.79	3.30	3.48	2.92	3.31	2.92
50%	Exp 15	3.00	2.90	3.04	2.97	2.98	3.08	3.05	3.15	3.01	2.99
50%	Exp 16	2.64	3.15	3.34	2.51	3.22	2.44	2.80	3.17	2.20	3.26
75%	Exp 17	3.98	3.32	3.58	3.40	3.53	3.41	2.83	2.88	2.91	2.90
75%	Exp 18	2.98	2.99	2.69	3.72	2.90	2.40	2.36	2.28	2.91	2.29
100%	Exp 19	2.36	2.21	1.95	2.29	2.36	1.05	1.56	1.43	1.60	1.78
100%	Exp 20	2.51	2.76	3.65	3.12	3.58	1.91	2.06	2.73	2.50	2.75

Data Processing

This section processes the above-collected data. From the data collection results, both potato and carrot slices had different final masses compared to their initial mass. Hence, the change in mass can be calculated by subtracting the final mass from the initial mass. Besides, the percentage change in mass can be calculated by dividing the change in mass by the initial mass, then multiplying by 100. The average % change in mass will be calculated by adding the individual percentage changes in mass for Red, Green, Blue, White, and Yellow, then dividing it by 5.

Δ Mass = Final Mass – Initial Mass

Percentage Δ Mass = Δ Mass/Initial Mass * 100

The average percentage Δ mass = Total of % Δ mass for Red, Green, Blue, White, and Yellow/5.

Table 3: The change in mass and percentage change in mass for potato slices.

	Red		Green		Blue		White		Yellow
Sucrose conc’n	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Average % change
0%	0.49	14.75	0.54	17.36	0.46	15.59	0.21	7.09	0.41	13.80	13.72
0%	0.47	16.37	0.46	15.03	0.47	15.51	0.42	14.58	0.52	17.16	15.733
25%	-0.02	-0.62	-0.06	-2.02	-0.05	-1.61	-0.05	-1.55	-0.09	-2.77	-1.72
25%	-0.07	-2.12	-0.12	-3.85	-0.04	-1.30	-0.08	-2.5	-0.05	-1.40	-2.24
50%	-0.55	-18.9	-0.51	-17.64	-0.73	-22.67	-0.62	-22.22	-0.6	-19.41	-20.17
50%	-0.69	-22.25	-0.81	-23.75	-0.71	-25.08	-0.7	-24.05	-0.6	-21.12	-23.26
75%	-0.98	-29.69	-1.03	-34.33	-1.08	-33.96	-1.1	-32.44	-1.08	-33.23	-32.73
75%	-0.79	-31.10	-1.28	-37.10	-1.05	-35	-0.89	-33.08	-1.09	-30.87	-33.43
100%	-0.89	-32.96	-0.99	-34.25	-0.93	-37.34	-1.09	-41.92	-1.03	-38.72	-37.04
100%	-1.02	-36.17	-1.03	-30.93	-1.07	-34.62	-1.39	-40.05	-0.79	-28.21	-34

Table 4: The change in mass and percentage change in mass for carrot slices.

	Red		Green		Blue		White		Yellow
Sucrose Conc’n	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Δ mass	% Δ mass	Average % change
0%	0.44	17.53	0.36	12	0.3	11.41	0.27	9.38	0.33	10.65	12.19
0%	0.27	13.57	0.31	11.92	0.41	15.41	0.38	12.54	0.32	11	12.89
25%	-0.17	-4.80	0.08	2.16	0.11	3.11	0.04	1.22	0.03	0.89	0.51
25%	0	0	0.06	1.75	0.06	2.10	0.09	2.80	0.13	4.66	2.26
50%	0.08	2.67	0.15	5.17	0.11	3.62	0.04	1.35	0.01	0.34	2.63
50%	-0.2	-7.58	-0.35	-11.11	-0.17	-5.09	-0.31	-12.35	0.04	1.24	-6.98
75%	-0.57	-14.32	-0.49	-14.76	-0.7	-19.55	-0.49	-14.41	-0.63	-17.85	-16.18
75%	-0.58	-19.46	-0.63	-21.07	-0.41	-15.24	-0.81	-21.77	-0.61	-21.03	-19.72
100%	-1.31	-55.51	-0.65	-29.41	-0.52	-26.67	-0.69	-30.13	-0.58	-24.58	-33.26
100%	-0.6	-23.90	-0.7	-25.36	-0.92	-25.21	-0.62	-19.87	-0.83	-23.18	-23.51

Table 5: Standard Deviation for each Average Percentage change for Potato Slices.

Sucrose conc’n		Average % change	Standard deviation (g)
0%	Exp. 1	13.72	3.929556
0%	Exp. 2	15.733	1.038785
25%	Exp. 3	-1.72	0.781252
25%	Exp. 4	-2.24	1.034894
50%	Exp. 5	-20.17	2.179977
50%	Exp. 6	-23.26	1.563094
75%	Exp. 7	-32.73	1.845157
75%	Exp. 8	-33.43	2.645407
100%	Exp. 9	-37.04	3.575653
100%	Exp. 10	-34	4.60143

From the standard deviation results, Exp. 3 can be regarded as the most accurate experiment for the potato slices since it has the lowest standard deviation of 0.781252.

Table 6: Standard Deviation for each Average Percentage change for Carrot Slices.

Sucrose conc’n		Average % change	Standard deviation (g)
0%	Exp. 11	12.19	3.141437
0%	Exp. 12	12.89	1.693321
25%	Exp. 13	0.51	3.095343
25%	Exp. 14	2.26	1.690663
50%	Exp. 15	2.63	1.894279
50%	Exp. 16	-6.98	5.418538
75%	Exp. 17	-16.18	2.385162
75%	Exp. 18	-19.72	2.640663
100%	Exp. 19	-33.26	12.63401
100%	Exp. 20	-23.51	2.225071

From the standard deviation results, Expt. 14 can be regarded as the most accurate experiment for the carrot slices since it has the lowest standard deviation of 1.690663.

Table 7: Average % change in mass for potato and carrot slices for each sucrose solution.

Sucrose Conc’n	Average % Mass (Potato)	Average % Mass (Carrot)
0%	14.7265	12.54
25%	-1.98	1.385
50%	-21.715	-2.175
75%	-33.08	-17.95

Graph 1: The effect of sucrose solution on the average percentage change in mass of potato and carrot slices.

Conclusion

To conclude, it is evident that the percentage of sucrose concentration affects the rate of osmosis. The experiment used 5 different potato slices and 5 different carrot slices. The different slices were named Red, Green, Blue, White, and Yellow. Each of the slices was subjected to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrated sucrose solutions.

The effect of sucrose solution on the rate of osmosis was cleary evident for 0%, and 100% concentrated sucrose solutions. For 0% concentrated sucrose solutions, the slices tended to gain more weight compared to 100% concentrated sucrose solutions where the slices lost weight. Besides, for 0% and 100% concentrated solutions, a substantial percentage change in mass was observed.

These observations are in line with the osmosis principle that states that an increase in the concentration of sucrose solutions increases the water potential of the potato’s particles. As a result, water moves out of the potato particles towards the concentrated solution.

Evaluation

The different potato and carrot slices used could have a different amount of nutrition which would affect the rate of osmosis.
Sugar surrounding the slices might not be equally distributed resulting in different working scenarios for each slice.
The rate of osmosis could have been affected by the varying temperatures of the surroundings resulting in different results.

References

Phuntsho, S., Sahebi, S., Majeed, T., Lotfi, F., Kim, J. E., & Shon, H. K. (2013). Assessing the

major factors affecting the performances of forward osmosis and its implications on the desalination process. Chemical Engineering Journal, 231, 484-496.

Winfield, B. A. (1979). A study of the factors affecting the rate of fouling of reverse osmosis

membranes treating secondary sewage effluents. Water Research, 13(7), 565-569.

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[keywords] => statement of purpose for graduate school writing tips, chicago and annotated bibliography [title] => The Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis [body] => index [og] => Array ( [title] => The Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis [url] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/blog/6-the-effect-of-sucrose-concentration-on-the-rate-of-osmosis.html [description] => <h1 align="center">Potato and Carrot Slices Osmosis Lab Report</h1> Are you looking for the <a href="https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/potato-cells-osmosis-lab-report/">best potato osmosis lab report help</a>? You have come to the right place. Below is a full guide on how you can write your potato or carrot osmosis lab report. <h3 align="center">Introduction</h3>             The experiment aimed to explore the effect of sucrose solution concentration on the rate of osmosis in potato and carrot slices. The experiment used 5 different potato slices and 5 different carrot slices placed in a 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrated sucrose solution. Each slice was named Red, Green, Blue, White and Yellow. The independent variable was the concentration of sucrose solution and the dependent variable was the change in mass. <h4>Theory</h4>             Osmosis is the movement of water particles from a low sugar concentration to a high sugar concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Apart from sucrose solution concentration, other factors, such as temperature and the size of the particles affect the rate of osmosis. As the concentration of the sucrose solution is increased, the difference in mass of the potato/carrot increases. This is because the sucrose solution is a hypertonic solution indicating a high concentration of dissolved particles compared hypotonic solution with fewer dissolved particles. Besides, when a potato/carrot slice is placed in a solution with the same water potential, this is regarded as an isotonic solution. When a potato/carrot slice is placed in a concentrated sucrose solution that has a higher water potential, then, the water particles move from the potato/carrot slice to the solution. This results in a decrease in the final mass of the potato/carrot slice. <h4>Hypothesis</h4>             The hypothesis of this experiment is that (a) the mass of the potato/carrot slice will decrease when placed in sucrose solution with a higher water potential (hypertonic solution), (b) the mass of the potato/carrot slice will not change when placed in an isotonic solution and (c) the mass of the potato/carrot slice will increase when placed in a sucrose solution with lesser water potential (hypotonic solution). <h3 align="center">Data Collection</h3> Table 1: The Rate of Osmosis in a Potato Slice when placed in different concentrations of sucrose solution. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width:103px;"> Sucrose concentration </td> <td colspan="5" style="width:268px;"> Potato Initial Mass (g) </td> <td colspan="5" style="width:268px;"> Potato Final Mass (g) </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:49px;"> Red </td> <td style="width:54px;"> Green </td> <td style="width:50px;"> Blue </td> <td style="width:54px;"> White </td> <td style="width:62px;"> Yellow </td> <td style="width:49px;"> Red </td> <td style="width:54px;"> Green </td> <td style="width:50px;"> Blue </td> <td style="width:54px;"> White </td> <td style="width:62px;"> Yellow </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:40px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 1 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.32 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.11 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.95 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.96 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.97 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.81 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.65 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.41 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.17 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.38 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 2 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.87 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.06 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.03 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.88 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.03 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.34 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.52 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.50 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.30 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.55 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:40px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 3 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.18 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.96 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.10 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.21 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.24 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.16 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.90 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.05 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.16 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.15 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 4 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.30 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.11 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.07 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.20 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.57 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.23 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.99 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.03 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.12 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.52 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:40px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 5 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.91 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.89 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.22 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.79 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.09 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.36 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.38 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.49 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.17 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.49 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 6 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.10 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.41 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.83 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.91 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.84 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.41 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.60 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.12 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.21 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.24 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:40px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 7 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.30 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.00 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.18 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.39 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.25 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.32 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 1.97 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.10 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.29 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.17 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 8 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.54 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.45 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.00 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.69 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.53 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 1.75 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.17 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 1.95 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 1.8 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.44 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:40px;"> 100% </td> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 9 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.70 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.89 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.49 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.60 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.66 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 1.81 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 1.90 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 1.56 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 1.51 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 1.63 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:63px;"> Exp 10 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.82 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.33 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 3.09 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.47 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.80 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 1.80 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.30 </td> <td style="width:50px;"> 2.02 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.08 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.01 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Table 2: The Rate of Osmosis in a Carrot Slice when placed in different concentrations of sucrose solution. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width:127px;"> Sucrose concentration </td> <td colspan="5" style="width:246px;"> Carrot Initial Mass (g) </td> <td colspan="5" style="width:265px;"> Carrot Final Mass (g) </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:28px;"> Red </td> <td style="width:54px;"> Green </td> <td style="width:49px;"> Blue </td> <td style="width:54px;"> White </td> <td style="width:62px;"> Yellow </td> <td style="width:47px;"> Red </td> <td style="width:54px;"> Green </td> <td style="width:49px;"> Blue </td> <td style="width:54px;"> White </td> <td style="width:62px;"> Yellow </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:53px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 11 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 2.51 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.00 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.63 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.88 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.10 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 2.95 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.36 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.93 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.15 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.43 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 12 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 1.99 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.60 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.66 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.03 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.91 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 2.26 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.91 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.07 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.41 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.23 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:53px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 13 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 3.54 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.71 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.54 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.28 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.37 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 3.37 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.79 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.65 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.32 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.40 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 14 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 3.30 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.42 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.86 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.22 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.79 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 3.30 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.48 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.92 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.31 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.92 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:53px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 15 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 3.00 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.90 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.04 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.97 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.98 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 3.08 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.05 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.15 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.01 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.99 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 16 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 2.64 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.15 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.34 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.51 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.22 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 2.44 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.80 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.17 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.20 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.26 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:53px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 17 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 3.98 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.32 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.58 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.40 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.53 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 3.41 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.83 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.88 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.91 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.90 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 18 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 2.98 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.99 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.69 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.72 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.90 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 2.40 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.36 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.28 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.91 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.29 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:53px;"> 100% </td> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 19 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 2.36 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.21 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 1.95 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.29 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.36 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 1.05 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 1.56 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 1.43 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 1.60 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 1.78 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:74px;"> Exp 20 </td> <td style="width:28px;"> 2.51 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.76 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 3.65 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 3.12 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 3.58 </td> <td style="width:47px;"> 1.91 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.06 </td> <td style="width:49px;"> 2.73 </td> <td style="width:54px;"> 2.50 </td> <td style="width:62px;"> 2.75 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 align="center">Data Processing</h3>             This section processes the above-collected data. From the data collection results, both potato and carrot slices had different final masses compared to their initial mass. Hence, the change in mass can be calculated by subtracting the final mass from the initial mass. Besides, the percentage change in mass can be calculated by dividing the change in mass by the initial mass, then multiplying by 100. The average % change in mass will be calculated by adding the individual percentage changes in mass for Red, Green, Blue, White, and Yellow, then dividing it by 5. Δ Mass = Final Mass – Initial Mass Percentage Δ Mass = Δ Mass/Initial Mass * 100 The average percentage Δ mass = Total of % Δ mass for Red, Green, Blue, White, and Yellow/5. Table 3: The change in mass and percentage change in mass for potato slices. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="756"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:84px;">   </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:108px;"> Red </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:120px;"> Green </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:120px;"> Blue </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:120px;"> White </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:132px;"> Yellow </td> <td style="width:72px;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:84px;"> Sucrose conc’n </td> <td style="width:48px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:72px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:60px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:72px;"> Average % change </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:48px;"> 0.49 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 14.75 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 0.54 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 17.36 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 0.46 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 15.59 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 0.21 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 7.09 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> 0.41 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 13.80 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> 13.72 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:48px;"> 0.47 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 16.37 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 0.46 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 15.03 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 0.47 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 15.51 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 0.42 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 14.58 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> 0.52 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> 17.16 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> 15.733 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.02 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.62 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.06 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -2.02 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.05 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.61 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.05 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.55 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.09 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -2.77 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -1.72 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.07 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -2.12 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.12 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -3.85 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.04 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.30 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.08 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -2.5 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.05 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.40 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -2.24 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.55 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -18.9 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.51 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -17.64 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.73 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -22.67 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.62 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -22.22 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.6 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -19.41 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -20.17 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.69 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -22.25 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.81 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -23.75 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.71 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -25.08 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.7 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -24.05 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.6 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -21.12 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -23.26 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.98 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -29.69 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.03 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -34.33 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.08 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -33.96 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.1 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -32.44 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -1.08 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -33.23 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -32.73 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.79 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -31.10 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.28 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -37.10 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.05 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -35 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.89 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -33.08 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -1.09 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -30.87 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -33.43 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 100% </td> <td style="width:48px;"> -0.89 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -32.96 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.99 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -34.25 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -0.93 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -37.34 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.09 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -41.92 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -1.03 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -38.72 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -37.04 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:48px;"> -1.02 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -36.17 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.03 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -30.93 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.07 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -34.62 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -1.39 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -40.05 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.79 </td> <td style="width:60px;"> -28.21 </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -34 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Table 4: The change in mass and percentage change in mass for carrot slices. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:756px;" width="756"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:84px;">   </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:140px;"> Red </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:106px;"> Green </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:106px;"> Blue </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:106px;"> White </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:106px;"> Yellow </td> <td style="width:106px;">   </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:84px;"> Sucrose Conc’n </td> <td style="width:72px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:68px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> Δ mass </td> <td style="width:53px;"> % Δ mass </td> <td style="width:106px;"> Average % change </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:72px;"> 0.44 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> 17.53 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.36 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 12 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.3 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 11.41 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.27 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 9.38 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.33 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 10.65 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> 12.19 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:72px;"> 0.27 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> 13.57 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.31 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 11.92 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.41 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 15.41 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.38 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 12.54 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.32 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 11 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> 12.89 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.17 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> -4.80 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.08 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 2.16 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.11 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 3.11 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.04 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 1.22 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.03 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.89 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> 0.51 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:72px;"> 0 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> 0 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.06 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 1.75 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.06 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 2.10 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.09 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 2.80 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.13 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 4.66 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> 2.26 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:72px;"> 0.08 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> 2.67 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.15 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 5.17 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.11 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 3.62 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.04 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 1.35 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.01 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.34 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> 2.63 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.2 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> -7.58 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.35 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -11.11 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.17 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -5.09 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.31 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -12.35 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 0.04 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> 1.24 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> -6.98 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.57 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> -14.32 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.49 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -14.76 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.7 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -19.55 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.49 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -14.41 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.63 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -17.85 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> -16.18 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.58 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> -19.46 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.63 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -21.07 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.41 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -15.24 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.81 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -21.77 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.61 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -21.03 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> -19.72 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:84px;"> 100% </td> <td style="width:72px;"> -1.31 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> -55.51 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.65 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -29.41 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.52 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -26.67 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.69 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -30.13 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.58 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -24.58 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> -33.26 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:72px;"> -0.6 </td> <td style="width:68px;"> -23.90 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.7 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -25.36 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.92 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -25.21 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.62 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -19.87 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -0.83 </td> <td style="width:53px;"> -23.18 </td> <td style="width:106px;"> -23.51 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Table 5: Standard Deviation for each Average Percentage change for Potato Slices. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Sucrose conc’n </td> <td style="width:160px;">   </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Average % change </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Standard deviation (g) </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 1 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 13.72 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 3.929556 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 2 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 15.733 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.038785 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 3 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -1.72 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 0.781252 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 4 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -2.24 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.034894 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 5 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -20.17 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.179977 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 6 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -23.26 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.563094 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 7 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -32.73 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.845157 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 8 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -33.43 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.645407 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 100% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 9 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -37.04 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 3.575653 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 10 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -34 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 4.60143 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>               From the standard deviation results, Exp. 3 can be regarded as the most accurate experiment for the potato slices since it has the lowest standard deviation of 0.781252.   Table 6: Standard Deviation for each Average Percentage change for Carrot Slices. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Sucrose conc’n </td> <td style="width:160px;">   </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Average % change </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Standard deviation (g) </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 11 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 12.19 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 3.141437 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 12 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 12.89 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.693321 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 13 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 0.51 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 3.095343 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 14 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.26 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.690663 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 15 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.63 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 1.894279 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 16 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -6.98 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 5.418538 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 17 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -16.18 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.385162 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 18 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -19.72 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.640663 </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:160px;"> 100% </td> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 19 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -33.26 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 12.63401 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:160px;"> Exp. 20 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> -23.51 </td> <td style="width:160px;"> 2.225071 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>               From the standard deviation results, Expt. 14 can be regarded as the most accurate experiment for the carrot slices since it has the lowest standard deviation of 1.690663. Table 7: Average % change in mass for potato and carrot slices for each sucrose solution. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:213px;"> Sucrose Conc’n </td> <td style="width:213px;"> Average % Mass (Potato) </td> <td style="width:213px;"> Average % Mass (Carrot) </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:213px;"> 0% </td> <td style="width:213px;"> 14.7265 </td> <td style="width:213px;"> 12.54 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:213px;"> 25% </td> <td style="width:213px;"> -1.98 </td> <td style="width:213px;"> 1.385 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:213px;"> 50% </td> <td style="width:213px;"> -21.715 </td> <td style="width:213px;"> -2.175 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:213px;"> 75% </td> <td style="width:213px;"> -33.08 </td> <td style="width:213px;"> -17.95 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Graph 1: The effect of sucrose solution on the average percentage change in mass of potato and carrot slices. <img alt="" src="https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/uploads/d/Danny/e610011f9c.png" style="width: 581px; height: 330px;" />   <h3 align="center">Conclusion</h3>             To conclude, it is evident that the percentage of sucrose concentration affects the rate of osmosis. The experiment used 5 different potato slices and 5 different carrot slices. The different slices were named Red, Green, Blue, White, and Yellow. Each of the slices was subjected to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrated sucrose solutions.             The effect of sucrose solution on the rate of osmosis was cleary evident for 0%, and 100% concentrated sucrose solutions. For 0% concentrated sucrose solutions, the slices tended to gain more weight compared to 100% concentrated sucrose solutions where the slices lost weight. Besides, for 0% and 100% concentrated solutions, a substantial percentage change in mass was observed.             These observations are in line with the osmosis principle that states that an increase in the concentration of sucrose solutions increases the water potential of the potato’s particles. As a result, water moves out of the potato particles towards the concentrated solution. <h3 align="center">Evaluation</h3> <ul> <li>The different potato and carrot slices used could have a different amount of nutrition which would affect the rate of osmosis.</li> <li>Sugar surrounding the slices might not be equally distributed resulting in different working scenarios for each slice.</li> <li>The rate of osmosis could have been affected by the varying temperatures of the surroundings resulting in different results.</li> </ul> <h3 align="center">References</h3> Phuntsho, S., Sahebi, S., Majeed, T., Lotfi, F., Kim, J. E., & Shon, H. K. (2013). Assessing the major factors affecting the performances of forward osmosis and its implications on the desalination process. Chemical Engineering Journal, 231, 484-496. Winfield, B. A. (1979). A study of the factors affecting the rate of fouling of reverse osmosis membranes treating secondary sewage effluents. Water Research, 13(7), 565-569. [image] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/uploads/a/admin/83da8743b4.jpg ) [actions] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [icon] => rss [title] => [url] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/blog.xml [classes] => btn-warning ) ) [css_rendered] => 1 )

Array ( [inventory] => Array ( [0] => inventory [1] => CompanyMail ) [mainmenu] => Array ( [0] => main [1] => Outsource ) [account] => Array ( [0] => account ) [footer1] => Array ( [0] => bottom ) [left] => Array ( [0] => filters ) [bottom] => Array ( [0] => testimonials ) [right] => Array ( [0] => html_block1 [1] => latest_comments ) [footer2] => Array ( [0] => footer1 ) [footer3] => Array ( [0] => footer2 ) [footer4] => Array ( [0] => footer3 ) )

Array ( [IA_VERSION] => 4.0.5.10 [IA_DS] => / [IA_URL_DELIMITER] => / [IA_HOME] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/ [IA_INCLUDES] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/includes/ [IA_CLASSES] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/includes/classes/ [IA_PLUGINS] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/plugins/ [IA_PACKAGES] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/packages/ [IA_UPLOADS] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/uploads/ [IA_SMARTY] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/includes/smarty/ [IA_TMP] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/tmp/ [IA_CACHEDIR] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/tmp/cache/ [IA_FRONT] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/front/ [IA_ADMIN] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/admin/ [IA_EXIT] => [IA_CANONICAL] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/blog/6-the-effect-of-sucrose-concentration-on-the-rate-of-osmosis.html [IA_CLEAR_URL] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/ [IA_LANGUAGE] => en [IA_TEMPLATES] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/templates/ [IA_URL_LANG] => [IA_URL] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/ [IA_ADMIN_URL] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/admin/ [IA_SELF] => https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/blog/6-the-effect-of-sucrose-concentration-on-the-rate-of-osmosis.html [IA_TPL_URL] => //custompaperswritinghelp.com/templates/businesscard/ [IA_FRONT_TEMPLATES] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/templates/ [IA_CURRENT_PLUGIN] => personal_blog [IA_PLUGIN_TEMPLATE] => /home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/plugins/personal_blog/templates/front/ )

Array ( [0] => autoload: ia.debug.php (17.01Kb) [1] => autoload: ia.core.php (24.99Kb) [2] => autoload: ia.interfaces.php (4.56Kb) [3] => autoload: ia.base.db.php (13.52Kb) [4] => ia.core.db.php (18.95Kb) [5] => ia.core.sanitize.php (5.23Kb) [6] => ia.core.validate.php (3.94Kb) [7] => ia.core.language.php (5.29Kb) [8] => ia.core.users.php (23.51Kb) [9] => ia.core.view.php (42.61Kb) [10] => ia.core.cache.php (7.28Kb) [11] => ia.core.util.php (11.35Kb) [12] => ia.core.smarty.php (33.90Kb) [13] => autoload: ia.admin.grid.php (3.82Kb) [14] => autoload: ia.base.plugin.php (3.05Kb) [15] => plugin: ia.front.banner (3.01Kb) [16] => ia.core.breadcrumb.php (4.38Kb) [17] => ia.front.page.php (2.25Kb) [18] => ia.core.acl.php (10.21Kb) [19] => plugin: ia.front.blog (7.27Kb) [20] => plugin: ia.front.slider (1.93Kb) [21] => ia.core.item.php (7.05Kb) [22] => plugin: ia.front.comment (3.42Kb) [23] => plugin: ia.front.mailbox (11.32Kb) )

Type: phpExtension: banners

if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { $iaBanner = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('banners', iaCore::FRONT, 'banner'); $iaSmarty->registerPlugin(iaSmarty::PLUGIN_FUNCTION, 'bannerImpressionsCount', array('iaBanner', 'impressionsCount')); $banners_slider = $iaDb->keyvalue(array('block_id', 'slider'), null, iaBanner::getTableBlockOptions()); $iaView->assign('banners_slider', $banners_slider); $iaView->assign('banners_displayed', $iaBanner->getAmountDisplayed()); $iaView->assign('banners', $iaBanner->getBanners()); }

Type: phpExtension: testimonials

if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { $array = $iaDb->all(iaDb::ALL_COLUMNS_SELECTION, "`status` = 'active' AND `lang` = '".IA_LANGUAGE."' AND `date` <= NOW() ORDER BY RAND()", 0, $iaCore->get('testimonials_number'), 'testimonials'); $iaView->assign('block_testimonials', $array); }

Type: phpExtension: personal_blog

plugins/personal_blog/includes/hook.blocks-load.php

Type: phpExtension: reviews

if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { if ($iaView->blockExists('recent_reviews')) { $iaReview = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('reviews', 'common', 'review'); $recentReviews = $iaDb->all(iaDb::ALL_COLUMNS_SELECTION, '1 ORDER BY `date_updated` DESC', 0, $iaCore->get('num_latest_reviews'), $iaReview::getTable()); $iaView->assign('recentReviews', $recentReviews); } }

Type: phpExtension: slider

if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { $iaSlider = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('slider', iaCore::FRONT); $sliders = $iaSlider->getSliders(); $sliderPositions = $iaSlider->getPositions(); $iaView->assign('sliders', $sliders); $iaView->assign('slider_positions', $sliderPositions); // include custom css $iaView->add_css('_IA_URL_plugins/slider/templates/front/css/style'); }

Type: phpExtension: comments

plugins/comments/includes/hook.blocks-load.php

Type: phpExtension: announcements

plugins/announcements/includes/hook.latest-announcements.php

Type: phpExtension: privatemessages

$iaMailbox = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('privatemessages', iaCore::FRONT, 'mailbox'); if (iaUsers::hasIdentity() && $num = $iaMailbox->getNumInboxUnreadMessages(iaUsers::getIdentity()->id)) { iaLanguage::set('you_have_unread_messages', str_replace('%1', $num, iaLanguage::get('you_have_unread_messages'))); $iaView->iaSmarty->assignGlobal('new_messages', true); }

Type: smartyExtension: fancybox

{if 'fancybox' == $core.config.lightbox_name} {ia_add_media files='css:_IA_URL_plugins/fancybox/js/jquery.fancybox, js:_IA_URL_plugins/fancybox/js/jquery.fancybox.pack'} {ia_add_js} $(function() { $('a[rel^="ia_lightbox"]').fancybox( { nextEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_transition}', prevEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_transition}', openEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_transition}', closeEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_transition}', nextSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_speed}', prevSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_speed}', openSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_speed}', closeSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_speed}', padding: {$core.config.fancybox_padding}, arrows: {$core.config.fancybox_arrows}, closeBtn: {$core.config.fancybox_closeBtn}, closeClick: {$core.config.fancybox_closeClick}, helpers: { overlay: { locked: false } } }); }); {/ia_add_js} {/if}

Type: smartyExtension: core

templates/common/opengraph.tpl

#	Time	Query
1.	0.1 ms	`SET NAMES 'utf8'`
2.	0.45 ms	*SELECT `code`, `id`, `title`, `locale`, `date_format`, `direction`, `master`, `d ...* SELECT `code`, `id`, `title`, `locale`, `date_format`, `direction`, `master`, `default`, `flagicon`, `code` `iso`, `status` FROM `CP_languages` WHERE 1 = 1 ORDER BY `order` ASC
3.	0.17 ms	`SET time_zone = '-7:00'`
4.	8.89 ms	*SELECT `key`, `value` FROM `CP_language` WHERE `code` = 'en' AND `category` NOT ...* SELECT `key`, `value` FROM `CP_language` WHERE `code` = 'en' AND `category` NOT IN('tooltip', 'admin') ORDER BY `extras`
5.	0.72 ms	*SELECT `name`, `code`, `type`, `extras`, `filename`, `pages` FROM `CP_hooks` WH ...* SELECT `name`, `code`, `type`, `extras`, `filename`, `pages` FROM `CP_hooks` WHERE `extras` IN('', 'kcaptcha','fancybox','personal_blog','elfinder','reviews','privatemessages','banners','paypal','tell_a_friend','slider','faq','agreement','comments','contact_us','testimonials','404_page','announcements','admin_wall','googletools','order_form','checkout_form','checkoutprocess','businesscard') AND `status` = 'active' AND `page_type` IN ('both', 'front') ORDER BY `order`
6.	0.32 ms	*SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` FROM `CP_config_custom` WHERE (`type` = 'group' ...* SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` FROM `CP_config_custom` WHERE (`type` = 'group' AND `type_id` = 4)
7.	0.86 ms	*SELECT p.`id`, e.`type`, e.`url`, p.`name`, p.`alias`, p.`action`, p.`extras`, p ...* SELECT p.`id`, e.`type`, e.`url`, p.`name`, p.`alias`, p.`action`, p.`extras`, p.`filename`, p.`parent`, p.`group`, p.`meta_description` `description`, p.`meta_keywords` `keywords` FROM `CP_pages` p LEFT JOIN `CP_extras` e ON (e.`name` = p.`extras`) WHERE (p.`name` = 'blog' OR p.`alias` = 'blog.html' OR p.`alias` LIKE 'blog/%') AND p.`custom_url` = '' AND p.`status` = 'active' AND (e.`status` = 'active' OR e.`status` IS NULL) ORDER BY LENGTH(p.`alias`) DESC, p.`extras` DESC
8.	0.21 ms	*SELECT `name`, `url`, `title` FROM `CP_extras` WHERE `type` = 'package' AND `st ...* SELECT `name`, `url`, `title` FROM `CP_extras` WHERE `type` = 'package' AND `status` = 'active'
9.	0.36 ms	SELECT `block_id`, `slider` FROM `CP_banners_block_options`
10.	0.08 ms	*SELECT `block_id`, `amount_displayed` FROM `CP_banners_block_options`* SELECT `block_id`, `amount_displayed` FROM `CP_banners_block_options`
11.	0.31 ms	**SELECT FROM `CP_banners` WHERE `status` = 'active'*** SELECT * FROM `CP_banners` WHERE `status` = 'active'
12.	0.76 ms	**SELECT FROM `CP_testimonials` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `lang` = 'en' AND ...*** SELECT * FROM `CP_testimonials` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `lang` = 'en' AND `date` <= NOW() ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0, 4
13.	0.33 ms	SELECT `name`, `alias` FROM `CP_pages`
14.	0.51 ms	SELECT `name`, `menu`, `movable` FROM `CP_positions`
15.	0.79 ms	*SELECT `object` `name`, `access` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE (`object_type` = ...* SELECT `object` `name`, `access` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE (`object_type` = 'positions' && `page_name` = 'blog') \|\| (`object_type` = 'positions' && `page_name` = '' && `access` = 0) ORDER BY `access` DESC
16.	0.63 ms	**SELECT FROM `CP_blocks` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `extras` IN ('', 'kcapt ...*** SELECT * FROM `CP_blocks` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `extras` IN ('', 'kcaptcha','fancybox','personal_blog','elfinder','reviews','privatemessages','banners','paypal','tell_a_friend','slider','faq','agreement','comments','contact_us','testimonials','404_page','announcements','admin_wall','googletools','order_form','checkout_form','checkoutprocess','businesscard') ORDER BY `order`
17.	1.33 ms	*SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page ...* SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = '' && `access` = 0 && `object` NOT IN (SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = 'blog' && `access` = 1) UNION ALL SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = 'blog' && `access` = 0 UNION ALL SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` != 'blog' && `access` = 1 && `object` NOT IN ( SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = '' && `access` = 0 ) GROUP BY `object`
18.	0.36 ms	SELECT * FROM `CP_acl_objects`
19.	0.44 ms	**SELECT FROM `CP_acl_privileges` WHERE (`type` = 'user' AND `type_id` = '0') O ...*** SELECT * FROM `CP_acl_privileges` WHERE (`type` = 'user' AND `type_id` = '0') OR (`type` = 'group' AND `type_id` = '4')
20.	0.37 ms	*SELECT `alias`, `custom_url`, `name` FROM `CP_pages` WHERE `status` = 'active' ...* SELECT `alias`, `custom_url`, `name` FROM `CP_pages` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `extras` IN ('', 'kcaptcha','fancybox','personal_blog','elfinder','reviews','privatemessages','banners','paypal','tell_a_friend','slider','faq','agreement','comments','contact_us','testimonials','404_page','announcements','admin_wall','googletools','order_form','checkout_form','checkoutprocess','businesscard')
21.	0.35 ms	**SELECT m., p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_me ...*** SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_menus` m LEFT JOIN `CP_pages` p ON (p.`name` = m.`page_name`) WHERE m.`menu_id` = 2 ORDER BY m.`level`, m.`id`
22.	0.26 ms	SELECT `name`, `parent` FROM `CP_pages`
23.	0.21 ms	**SELECT m., p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_me ...*** SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_menus` m LEFT JOIN `CP_pages` p ON (p.`name` = m.`page_name`) WHERE m.`menu_id` = 65 ORDER BY m.`level`, m.`id`
24.	0.19 ms	**SELECT m., p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_me ...*** SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_menus` m LEFT JOIN `CP_pages` p ON (p.`name` = m.`page_name`) WHERE m.`menu_id` = 66 ORDER BY m.`level`, m.`id`
25.	3.46 ms	*SELECT b.`id`, b.`title`, b.`date_added`, b.`body`, b.`alias`, b.`image`, m.`ful ...* SELECT b.`id`, b.`title`, b.`date_added`, b.`body`, b.`alias`, b.`image`, m.`fullname`, b.`member_id` FROM `CP_blog_entries` b LEFT JOIN `CP_members` m ON (b.`member_id` = m.`id`) WHERE b.`id` = 6 AND b.`status` = 'active'
26.	1.11 ms	*SELECT DISTINCT bt.`title`, bt.`alias` FROM `CP_blog_tags` bt LEFT JOIN `CP_blog ...* SELECT DISTINCT bt.`title`, bt.`alias` FROM `CP_blog_tags` bt LEFT JOIN `CP_blog_entries_tags` bet ON (bt.`id` = bet.`tag_id`) WHERE bet.`blog_id` = 6
27.	1.21 ms	**SELECT COUNT() FROM `CP_online` WHERE `session_id` = '38756747ee9e4481def7f09a ...*** SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `CP_online` WHERE `session_id` = '38756747ee9e4481def7f09a3b0bd193' LIMIT 0, 1
28.	0.29 ms	*INSERT INTO `CP_online` SET `status` = 'active', `page` = 'https://custompapersw ...* INSERT INTO `CP_online` SET `status` = 'active', `page` = 'https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/blog/6-the-effect-of-sucrose-concentration-on-the-rate-of-osmosis.html', `date` = '2024-05-01 20:14:13', `is_bot` = '1', `fullname` = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', `session_id` = '38756747ee9e4481def7f09a3b0bd193', `ip` = '316686167'
29.	0.33 ms	**SELECT FROM `CP_slider` WHERE `status` = 'active'*** SELECT * FROM `CP_slider` WHERE `status` = 'active'
30.	0.25 ms	**SELECT FROM `CP_slider_block_options` WHERE 1 = 1*** SELECT * FROM `CP_slider_block_options` WHERE 1 = 1
31.	0.47 ms	**SELECT t1., t2.`username` `username`, IF (t1.`member_id` > 0, IF (t2.`fullname` ...*** SELECT t1.*, t2.`username` `username`, IF (t1.`member_id` > 0, IF (t2.`fullname` != '', t2.`fullname`, t2.`username`), t1.`author`) `author`, t2.`avatar` `author_avatar` FROM `CP_comments` t1 LEFT JOIN `CP_members` t2 ON t1.`member_id` = t2.`id` WHERE t1.`status` = 'active' ORDER BY t1.`date` DESC LIMIT 0, 5
32.	0.08 ms	`SELECT FOUND_ROWS()`
33.	0.17 ms	DUPLICATED *SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` FROM `CP_config_custom` WHERE (`type` = 'group' ...* SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` FROM `CP_config_custom` WHERE (`type` = 'group' AND `type_id` = 4)
34.	0.38 ms	*SELECT `name`, `type` FROM `CP_extras` WHERE `status` = 'active'* SELECT `name`, `type` FROM `CP_extras` WHERE `status` = 'active'

Time

Query

0.1 ms

SET NAMES 'utf8'

0.45 ms

SELECT `code`, `id`, `title`, `locale`, `date_format`, `direction`, `master`, `d ...

SELECT `code`, `id`, `title`, `locale`, `date_format`, `direction`, `master`, `default`, `flagicon`, `code` `iso`, `status` 
   FROM `CP_languages`  
   WHERE 1 = 1 
   ORDER BY `order` ASC

0.17 ms

SET time_zone = '-7:00'

8.89 ms

SELECT `key`, `value` FROM `CP_language` WHERE `code` = 'en' AND `category` NOT ...

SELECT `key`, `value` 
   FROM `CP_language`  
   WHERE `code` = 'en' AND `category` NOT IN('tooltip', 'admin') 
   ORDER BY `extras`

0.72 ms

SELECT `name`, `code`, `type`, `extras`, `filename`, `pages` FROM `CP_hooks` WH ...

SELECT `name`, `code`, `type`, `extras`, `filename`, `pages` 
   FROM `CP_hooks`  
   WHERE `extras` IN('', 'kcaptcha','fancybox','personal_blog','elfinder','reviews','privatemessages','banners','paypal','tell_a_friend','slider','faq','agreement','comments','contact_us','testimonials','404_page','announcements','admin_wall','googletools','order_form','checkout_form','checkoutprocess','businesscard') AND `status` = 'active' AND `page_type` IN ('both', 'front') 
   ORDER BY `order`

0.32 ms

SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` FROM `CP_config_custom` WHERE (`type` = 'group' ...

SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` 
   FROM `CP_config_custom`  
   WHERE (`type` = 'group' AND `type_id` = 4)

0.86 ms

SELECT p.`id`, e.`type`, e.`url`, p.`name`, p.`alias`, p.`action`, p.`extras`, p ...

SELECT p.`id`, e.`type`, e.`url`, p.`name`, p.`alias`, p.`action`, p.`extras`, p.`filename`, p.`parent`, p.`group`, p.`meta_description` `description`, p.`meta_keywords` `keywords` 
   FROM `CP_pages` p 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_extras` e
         ON (e.`name` = p.`extras`) 
   WHERE (p.`name` = 'blog' OR p.`alias` = 'blog.html' OR p.`alias` LIKE 'blog/%') AND p.`custom_url` = '' AND p.`status` = 'active' AND (e.`status` = 'active' OR e.`status` IS NULL) 
   ORDER BY LENGTH(p.`alias`) DESC, p.`extras` DESC

0.21 ms

SELECT `name`, `url`, `title` FROM `CP_extras` WHERE `type` = 'package' AND `st ...

SELECT `name`, `url`, `title` 
   FROM `CP_extras`  
   WHERE `type` = 'package' AND `status` = 'active'

0.36 ms

SELECT `block_id`, `slider` 
   FROM `CP_banners_block_options`

10.

0.08 ms

SELECT `block_id`, `amount_displayed` FROM `CP_banners_block_options`

SELECT `block_id`, `amount_displayed` 
   FROM `CP_banners_block_options`

11.

0.31 ms

SELECT * FROM `CP_banners` WHERE `status` = 'active'

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_banners`  
   WHERE `status` = 'active'

12.

0.76 ms

SELECT * FROM `CP_testimonials` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `lang` = 'en' AND ...

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_testimonials`  
   WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `lang` = 'en' AND `date` <= NOW() 
   ORDER BY RAND() 
   LIMIT 0, 4

13.

0.33 ms

SELECT `name`, `alias` 
   FROM `CP_pages`

14.

0.51 ms

SELECT `name`, `menu`, `movable` 
   FROM `CP_positions`

15.

0.79 ms

SELECT `object` `name`, `access` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE (`object_type` = ...

SELECT `object` `name`, `access` 
   FROM `CP_objects_pages` 
   WHERE (`object_type` = 'positions' && `page_name` = 'blog') || (`object_type` = 'positions' && `page_name` = '' && `access` = 0) 
   ORDER BY `access` DESC

16.

0.63 ms

SELECT * FROM `CP_blocks` WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `extras` IN ('', 'kcapt ...

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_blocks`  
   WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `extras` IN ('', 'kcaptcha','fancybox','personal_blog','elfinder','reviews','privatemessages','banners','paypal','tell_a_friend','slider','faq','agreement','comments','contact_us','testimonials','404_page','announcements','admin_wall','googletools','order_form','checkout_form','checkoutprocess','businesscard') 
   ORDER BY `order`

17.

1.33 ms

SELECT `object` FROM `CP_objects_pages` WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page ...

SELECT `object` 
   FROM `CP_objects_pages`
   
   WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = '' && `access` = 0
   && `object` NOT IN (SELECT `object` 
   FROM `CP_objects_pages` 
   WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = 'blog' && `access` = 1)
UNION ALL
SELECT `object` 
   FROM `CP_objects_pages`
   
   WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = 'blog' && `access` = 0
UNION ALL
SELECT `object` 
   FROM `CP_objects_pages`
   
   WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` != 'blog' && `access` = 1
   && `object` NOT IN (
      SELECT `object` 
   FROM `CP_objects_pages`
         
   WHERE `object_type` = 'blocks' && `page_name` = '' && `access` = 0
   )
   
   GROUP BY `object`

18.

0.36 ms

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_acl_objects`

19.

0.44 ms

SELECT * FROM `CP_acl_privileges` WHERE (`type` = 'user' AND `type_id` = '0') O ...

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_acl_privileges`  
   WHERE (`type` = 'user' AND `type_id` = '0') OR (`type` = 'group' AND `type_id` = '4')

20.

0.37 ms

SELECT `alias`, `custom_url`, `name` FROM `CP_pages` WHERE `status` = 'active' ...

SELECT `alias`, `custom_url`, `name` 
   FROM `CP_pages`  
   WHERE `status` = 'active' AND `extras` IN ('', 'kcaptcha','fancybox','personal_blog','elfinder','reviews','privatemessages','banners','paypal','tell_a_friend','slider','faq','agreement','comments','contact_us','testimonials','404_page','announcements','admin_wall','googletools','order_form','checkout_form','checkoutprocess','businesscard')

21.

0.35 ms

SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_me ...

SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` 
   FROM `CP_menus` m 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_pages` p
         ON (p.`name` = m.`page_name`) 
   WHERE m.`menu_id` = 2 
   ORDER BY m.`level`, m.`id`

22.

0.26 ms

SELECT `name`, `parent` 
   FROM `CP_pages`

23.

0.21 ms

SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_me ...

SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` 
   FROM `CP_menus` m 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_pages` p
         ON (p.`name` = m.`page_name`) 
   WHERE m.`menu_id` = 65 
   ORDER BY m.`level`, m.`id`

24.

0.19 ms

SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` FROM `CP_me ...

SELECT m.*, p.`nofollow`, p.`new_window`, p.`action`, p.`custom_url` 
   FROM `CP_menus` m 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_pages` p
         ON (p.`name` = m.`page_name`) 
   WHERE m.`menu_id` = 66 
   ORDER BY m.`level`, m.`id`

25.

3.46 ms

SELECT b.`id`, b.`title`, b.`date_added`, b.`body`, b.`alias`, b.`image`, m.`ful ...

SELECT b.`id`, b.`title`, b.`date_added`, b.`body`, b.`alias`, b.`image`, m.`fullname`, b.`member_id` 
   FROM `CP_blog_entries` b 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_members` m
         ON (b.`member_id` = m.`id`) 
   WHERE b.`id` = 6 AND b.`status` = 'active'

26.

1.11 ms

SELECT DISTINCT bt.`title`, bt.`alias` FROM `CP_blog_tags` bt LEFT JOIN `CP_blog ...

SELECT DISTINCT bt.`title`, bt.`alias` 
   FROM `CP_blog_tags` bt 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_blog_entries_tags` bet
         ON (bt.`id` = bet.`tag_id`) 
   WHERE bet.`blog_id` = 6

27.

1.21 ms

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `CP_online` WHERE `session_id` = '38756747ee9e4481def7f09a ...

SELECT COUNT(*) 
   FROM `CP_online`  
   WHERE `session_id` = '38756747ee9e4481def7f09a3b0bd193' 
   LIMIT 0, 1

28.

0.29 ms

INSERT INTO `CP_online` SET `status` = 'active', `page` = 'https://custompapersw ...

INSERT INTO `CP_online` SET `status` = 'active', `page` = 'https://custompaperswritinghelp.com/blog/6-the-effect-of-sucrose-concentration-on-the-rate-of-osmosis.html', `date` = '2024-05-01 20:14:13', `is_bot` = '1', `fullname` = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', `session_id` = '38756747ee9e4481def7f09a3b0bd193', `ip` = '316686167'

29.

0.33 ms

SELECT * FROM `CP_slider` WHERE `status` = 'active'

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_slider`  
   WHERE `status` = 'active'

30.

0.25 ms

SELECT * FROM `CP_slider_block_options` WHERE 1 = 1

SELECT * 
   FROM `CP_slider_block_options`  
   WHERE 1 = 1

31.

0.47 ms

SELECT t1.*, t2.`username` `username`, IF (t1.`member_id` > 0, IF (t2.`fullname` ...

SELECT t1.*, t2.`username` `username`, IF (t1.`member_id` > 0, IF (t2.`fullname` != '', t2.`fullname`, t2.`username`), t1.`author`) `author`, t2.`avatar` `author_avatar` 
   FROM `CP_comments` t1 
      LEFT JOIN `CP_members` t2
         ON t1.`member_id` = t2.`id` 
   WHERE t1.`status` = 'active' 
   ORDER BY t1.`date` DESC 
   LIMIT 0, 5

32.

0.08 ms

SELECT FOUND_ROWS()

33.

0.17 ms

DUPLICATED

SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` FROM `CP_config_custom` WHERE (`type` = 'group' ...

SELECT `type`, `name`, `value` 
   FROM `CP_config_custom`  
   WHERE (`type` = 'group' AND `type_id` = 4)

34.

0.38 ms

SELECT `name`, `type` FROM `CP_extras` WHERE `status` = 'active'

SELECT `name`, `type` 
   FROM `CP_extras`  
   WHERE `status` = 'active'

Array ( [0] => in class iaView::output() on line [155] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php] <hr> [1] => in class iaCore::startHook("phpCoreDisplayBeforeShowBody") on line [1059] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.view.php] <hr> [2] => in function eval() on line [754] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php] <hr> [3] => in class iaCore::factoryPlugin("privatemessages", "front", "mailbox") on line [1] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php(754) : eval()'d code] <hr> [4] => in class iaCore::loadClass("front", "mailbox", "privatemessages") on line [858] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php] <hr> [5] => in function include_once() on line [891] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php] <hr> [6] => in class Smarty::mutingErrorHandler(2, "Declaration of iaMailbox::getMessage($messageId) should be compatible with abstractCore::getMessage()", "/home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/plugins/privatemessages/includes/classes/ia.front.mailbox.php", 0, array()) on line [891] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php] <hr> [7] => in class iaSystem::error(2, "Declaration of iaMailbox::getMessage($messageId) should be compatible with abstractCore::getMessage()", "plugins/privatemessages/includes/classes/ia.front.mailbox.php", 0, array()) on line [1541] in file [includes/smarty/Smarty.class.php] <hr> )

Array ( [0] => in class iaView::output() on line [155] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.php] <hr> [1] => in class Smarty_Internal_TemplateBase::fetch("/home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/plugins/personal_blog/templates/front/index.tpl") on line [1065] in file [includes/classes/ia.core.view.php] <hr> [2] => in class Smarty_Internal_Template::compileTemplateSource() on line [155] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php] <hr> [3] => in class Smarty_Internal_TemplateCompilerBase::compileTemplate(object(Smarty_Internal_Template)) on line [197] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php] <hr> [4] => in class Smarty_Internal_SmartyTemplateCompiler::doCompile("{if isset($blog_entry)} {lang key='posted_on'} {$blog_entry.date_added|date_format:$core.config.date_format} {lang key='by'} {$blog_entry.fullname} {if $blog_entry.image} {printImage imgfile=$blog_entry.image fullimage=true title=$blog_entry.title|escape:'html' class='img-responsive m-b'} {/if} {$blog_entry.body} <div class="tags"> {if $tags} {lang key='tags'}: {foreach $tags as $tag} <a href="{$smarty.const.IA_URL}tag/{$tag.alias}">{$tag.title|escape:'html'}</a>{if !$tag@last}, {/if} {/foreach} {else} {lang key='no_tags'} {/if} </div> <hr>  <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style"> <a class="addthis_button_facebook_like" fb:like:layout="button_count"></a> <a class="addthis_button_tweet"></a> <a class="addthis_button_pinterest_pinit"></a> <a class="addthis_button_google_plusone" g:plusone:size="medium"></a> <a class="addthis_counter addthis_pill_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=xa-5170da8b1f667e6d"></script> {else} {if $blog_entries} <div class="ia-items blogroll"> {foreach $blog_entries as $blog_entry} <div class="ia-item"> {if $blog_entry.image} <a href="{$smarty.const.IA_URL}blog/{$blog_entry.id}-{$blog_entry.alias}" class="ia-item__image">{printImage imgfile=$blog_entry.image title=$blog_entry.title}</a> {/if} <div class="ia-item__content"> <h4 class="ia-item__title"> <a href="{$smarty.const.IA_URL}blog/{$blog_entry.id}-{$blog_entry.alias}">{$blog_entry.title|escape:'html'}</a> </h4> <div class="ia-item__additional"> {if $tags} {$tagsExist=0} {foreach $tags as $tag} {if $blog_entry.id == $tag.blog_id} {$tagsExist = $tagsExist + 1} {/if} {/foreach} {if $tagsExist != 0} {foreach $tags as $tag} {if $blog_entry.id == $tag.blog_id} <a href="{$smarty.const.IA_URL}tag/{$tag.alias}">{$tag.title|escape: 'html'}</a> {/if} {/foreach} {else} {lang key='no_tags'} {/if} {else} {lang key='no_tags'} {/if} {lang key='posted_on'} {$blog_entry.date_added|date_format:$core.config.date_format} {lang key='by'} {$blog_entry.fullname} </div> <div class="ia-item__body">{$blog_entry.body|strip_tags|truncate:$core.config.blog_max:'...'}</div> </div> </div> {/foreach} </div> {navigation aTotal=$pagination.total aTemplate=$pagination.template aItemsPerPage=$core.config.blog_number aNumPageItems=5} {else} <div class="alert alert-info">{lang key='no_blog_entries'}</div> {/if}{/if}") on line [283] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatecompilerbase.php] <hr> [5] => in class Smarty_Internal_Templateparser::doParse(3, "}") on line [118] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_smartytemplatecompiler.php] <hr> [6] => in class Smarty_Internal_Templateparser::yy_reduce(37) on line [4493] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templateparser.php] <hr> [7] => in class Smarty_Internal_Templateparser::yy_r37() on line [4392] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templateparser.php] <hr> [8] => in class Smarty_Internal_TemplateCompilerBase::compileTag("lang", array()) on line [3564] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templateparser.php] <hr> [9] => in class Smarty_Internal_TemplateCompilerBase::callTagCompiler("private_registered_function", array(), array(), "lang") on line [422] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatecompilerbase.php] <hr> [10] => in class Smarty_Internal_Compile_Private_Registered_Function::compile(array(), object(Smarty_Internal_SmartyTemplateCompiler), array(), "lang", ) on line [580] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatecompilerbase.php] <hr> [11] => in class Smarty_Internal_CompileBase::getAttributes(object(Smarty_Internal_SmartyTemplateCompiler), array()) on line [42] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_compile_private_registered_function.php] <hr> [12] => in function each(array()) on line [75] in file [includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_compilebase.php] <hr> [13] => in class Smarty::mutingErrorHandler(8192, "The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls", "/home1/thesisd1/public_html/custompaperswritinghelp/includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_compilebase.php", 75, array()) [14] => in class iaSystem::error(8192, "The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls", "includes/smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_compilebase.php", 75, array()) on line [1541] in file [includes/smarty/Smarty.class.php] <hr> )

1	php	phpCoreUrlRewrite
2	php	init
3	php	phpCoreBeforeAuth
4	php	phpCoreBeforePageDefine
5	php	phpCoreDefineAfterGetPages
6	php	*(1) phpSmartyAfterFuncInit* [1] Type: phpExtension: banners if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { $iaBanner = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('banners', iaCore::FRONT, 'banner'); $iaSmarty->registerPlugin(iaSmarty::PLUGIN_FUNCTION, 'bannerImpressionsCount', array('iaBanner', 'impressionsCount')); $banners_slider = $iaDb->keyvalue(array('block_id', 'slider'), null, iaBanner::getTableBlockOptions()); $iaView->assign('banners_slider', $banners_slider); $iaView->assign('banners_displayed', $iaBanner->getAmountDisplayed()); $iaView->assign('banners', $iaBanner->getBanners()); }
7	php	phpSmartyAfterMediaInit
8	php	*(1) bootstrap* [1] Type: phpExtension: testimonials if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { $array = $iaDb->all(iaDb::ALL_COLUMNS_SELECTION, "`status` = 'active' AND `lang` = '".IA_LANGUAGE."' AND `date` <= NOW() ORDER BY RAND()", 0, $iaCore->get('testimonials_number'), 'testimonials'); $iaView->assign('block_testimonials', $array); }
9	php	phpCoreSmartyAfterBlockGenerated
10	php	phpCoreCodeBeforeStart
11	php	*(1) phpCoreCodeAfterAll* [1] Type: phpExtension: agreement plugins/agreement/includes/hook.phpCoreCodeAfterAll.php
12	php	phpCoreBeforeJsCache
13	php	*(5) phpCoreBeforePageDisplay* [1] Type: phpExtension: personal_blog plugins/personal_blog/includes/hook.blocks-load.php Type: phpExtension: reviews if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { if ($iaView->blockExists('recent_reviews')) { $iaReview = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('reviews', 'common', 'review'); $recentReviews = $iaDb->all(iaDb::ALL_COLUMNS_SELECTION, '1 ORDER BY `date_updated` DESC', 0, $iaCore->get('num_latest_reviews'), $iaReview::getTable()); $iaView->assign('recentReviews', $recentReviews); } } Type: phpExtension: slider `if (iaView::REQUEST_HTML == $iaView->getRequestType()) { $iaSlider = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('slider', iaCore::FRONT); $sliders = $iaSlider->getSliders(); $sliderPositions = $iaSlider->getPositions(); $iaView->assign('sliders', $sliders); $iaView->assign('slider_positions', $sliderPositions); // include custom css $iaView->add_css('_IA_URL_plugins/slider/templates/front/css/style'); }` Type: phpExtension: comments plugins/comments/includes/hook.blocks-load.php Type: phpExtension: announcements plugins/announcements/includes/hook.latest-announcements.php
14	php	*(1) phpCoreDisplayBeforeShowBody* [1] Type: phpExtension: privatemessages `$iaMailbox = $iaCore->factoryPlugin('privatemessages', iaCore::FRONT, 'mailbox'); if (iaUsers::hasIdentity() && $num = $iaMailbox->getNumInboxUnreadMessages(iaUsers::getIdentity()->id)) { iaLanguage::set('you_have_unread_messages', str_replace('%1', $num, iaLanguage::get('you_have_unread_messages'))); $iaView->iaSmarty->assignGlobal('new_messages', true); }`
15	smarty	*(1) smartyFrontBeforeHeadSection* [1] Type: smartyExtension: googletools `{if $core.config.googletools_verification} <meta name="google-site-verification" content="{$core.config.googletools_verification\|escape:'html'}" /> {/if}`
16	smarty	*(2) smartyFrontAfterHeadSection* [1] Type: smartyExtension: fancybox {if 'fancybox' == $core.config.lightbox_name} {ia_add_media files='css:_IA_URL_plugins/fancybox/js/jquery.fancybox, js:_IA_URL_plugins/fancybox/js/jquery.fancybox.pack'} {ia_add_js} $(function() { $('a[rel^="ia_lightbox"]').fancybox( { nextEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_transition}', prevEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_transition}', openEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_transition}', closeEffect: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_transition}', nextSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_speed}', prevSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_slide_speed}', openSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_speed}', closeSpeed: '{$core.config.fancybox_open_speed}', padding: {$core.config.fancybox_padding}, arrows: {$core.config.fancybox_arrows}, closeBtn: {$core.config.fancybox_closeBtn}, closeClick: {$core.config.fancybox_closeClick}, helpers: { overlay: { locked: false } } }); }); {/ia_add_js} {/if} Type: smartyExtension: core templates/common/opengraph.tpl
17	smarty	smartyFrontBeforeBreadcrumb
18	smarty	smartyFrontBeforeNotifications
19	smarty	smartyFrontBeforeMainContent
20	smarty	smartyFrontAfterMainContent
21	smarty	smartyFrontBeforeFooterLinks
22	smarty	smartyFrontAfterFooterLinks
23	smarty	*(1) smartyFrontFinalize* [1] Type: smartyExtension: googletools `{$core.config.googletools_analytics}`
24	php	finalize

2.	class - Loading class iaDb	Rendering time:	0.2 ms (0.0002 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
3.	class - Loading class iaSanitize	Rendering time:	1.92 ms (0.00212 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
4.	class - Loading class iaValidate	Rendering time:	0.13 ms (0.00225 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
6.	class - Loading class iaUsers	Rendering time:	0.62 ms (0.00287 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
8.	class - Loading class iaCache	Rendering time:	0.17 ms (0.00304 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
9.	core - Basic Classes Initialized	Rendering time:	0.17 ms (0.00321 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
10.	config - Cached Configuration Loaded	Rendering time:	0.19 ms (0.0034 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
11.	core - Configuration Loaded	Rendering time:	2.7 ms (0.0061 s)
		Memory usage:	2.00Mb (2 097 152)
12.	core - Hooks Loaded memory up: 50%	Rendering time:	11.62 ms (0.01772 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
13.	class - Loading class iaUtil	Rendering time:	0.11 ms (0.01783 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
14.	class - Loading class iaSmarty	Rendering time:	1.86 ms (0.01969 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
15.	main - beforeSmartyFuncInit	Rendering time:	0.68 ms (0.02037 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
18.	END TIME phpSmartyAfterFuncInit banners	Rendering time:	1.21 ms (0.02158 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
22.	END TIME bootstrap testimonials	Rendering time:	0.93 ms (0.02251 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
24.	class - Loading class iaPage	Rendering time:	0.44 ms (0.02295 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
25.	class - Loading class iaAcl	Rendering time:	4.08 ms (0.02703 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
26.	hook - phpCoreCodeAfterAll	Rendering time:	12.03 ms (0.03906 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
27.	hook - phpCoreBeforePageDisplay	Rendering time:	1.69 ms (0.04075 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
28.	START TIME phpCoreBeforePageDisplay reviews	Rendering time:	0.13 ms (0.04088 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
31.	END TIME phpCoreBeforePageDisplay slider	Rendering time:	0.9 ms (0.04178 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
33.	hook - phpCoreDisplayBeforeShowBody	Rendering time:	1.18 ms (0.04296 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
35.	END TIME phpCoreDisplayBeforeShowBody privatemessages	Rendering time:	0.29 ms (0.04325 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
36.	smarty - smartyFrontBeforeHeadSection	Rendering time:	29.05 ms (0.0723 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
37.	smarty - smartyFrontAfterHeadSection	Rendering time:	1.16 ms (0.07346 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
38.	smarty - smartyFrontBeforeBreadcrumb	Rendering time:	44.4 ms (0.11786 s)
		Memory usage:	4.00Mb (4 194 304)
39.	smarty - smartyFrontBeforeNotifications	Rendering time:	15.48 ms (0.13334 s)
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The Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis

Potato and Carrot Slices Osmosis Lab Report

Introduction

Theory

Hypothesis

Data Collection

Data Processing

Conclusion

Evaluation

References

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The Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis

Potato and Carrot Slices Osmosis Lab Report

Introduction

Theory

Hypothesis

Data Collection

Data Processing

Conclusion

Evaluation

References

Testimonials

Trustworthy Services

How it Works

Our Writers are Qualified

Our Papers are Professional

Get these Services for Free

Bottom Menu

Legitimate

Reliable

Credible

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